Aphasia, impacting the ability to comprehend, formulate, and express language, can develop suddenly or slowly over time. It may result from conditions that can be expected to improve, remain constant, or progress in severity. As our understanding of aphasia as a cognitive-linguistic disturbance has expanded, so has our appreciation for how its chronicity influences how we assess and treat the underlying impairment and counsel patients and their families. This course will consider the state of the science surrounding aphasia in the context of stroke and neurodegenerative disease and will review assessment and treatment strategies with consideration for chronicity, severity, and concurrent impairments. Case examples will be employed throughout the discussion to allow participants to apply the concepts presented. Participant questions and engagement will be highly encouraged.